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IB Command Terms Explained

Command terms tell you how deeply to answer a question. Learn what the common ones ask for.

Read the FAQs

Why command terms matter

1

A command term is the word at the start of a question that tells you what to do. Two questions on the same topic can ask for very different answers depending on that one word.

2

Many lost marks come from answering a different question from the one asked, so reading the command term first is a quick way to improve.

Terms that ask for facts

Define and state ask for a precise meaning or a short fact. Describe asks for a detailed account. Outline asks for a brief summary of the main points.

Terms that ask for understanding

  1. Explain asks for reasons or causes. Compare asks for similarities and differences. Analyse asks you to break something into parts and show how they relate.

Terms that ask for judgement

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Discuss asks for a balanced account of different views. Evaluate asks you to weigh strengths and limitations and reach a judgement. Justify asks you to give valid reasons for a choice.

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These terms reward structure: make a point, support it, weigh it and end with a clear conclusion.

How to practise

  1. Take past questions, underline the command term and write a plan before you answer. Then compare your answer with the mark scheme to see whether you did what the term asked.
  2. A tutor can mark practice answers with you and show where the answer fell short of the term.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between describe and explain?

Describe asks for what something is like. Explain asks why or how it happens, with reasons.

What does evaluate mean in the IB?

Evaluate asks you to weigh strengths and limitations and reach a supported judgement.

Do command terms differ by subject?

Each subject publishes its own list and the meaning can differ slightly, so check your subject guide.

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